Cara Mudah Belajar English Grammar

Common Noun   (Non specific people, places, things or ideas) Berikut ini adalah beberapa kata yang termasuk pada common noun : Teacher, student, doctor, Friend,  soldier, boy, pencil, eraser, book, chair, car, shop, river, island, mountain, house, office, market, ball, etc. Note: Common Noun menggunakan artikel a, an, & the dan perhatikan perubahan pada bentuk jamak. Ada penambahan "s" atau "es" dibelakang noun tersebut kecuali pada jenis noun tertentu yang mengalami perubahan bentuk jamak tanpa menggunakan "s" atau "es", seperti: child (tunggal) => children (jamak), man => men, woman =>women, foot => feet, etc. a.  I am a student . b.  She will buy a pencil tomorrow. c.  Mr. Rendi has two cars . d.  There were two men injured in the car accident. ( bukan two mans )

Uncountable Nouns (Kata Benda Yang Tidak Dapat Dihitung) Adalah kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung dengan angka jumlahnya, seperti: Coffee, tea, water, air, sugar, rice, butter, sand, money, rain, ink, paper, meat, etc. 1. Tidak mempunyai bentuk Plural (bentuk jamak), selalu singular (tunggal), contoh: - We always eat rice with a spoon. - My father sometimes drink much coffee in a day. 2. Tidak dapat diikuti oleh article “a” atau “an”, contoh: - Human needs a water for living. (salah) - Human needs water for living. (benar) 3. Dapat dijadikan countable noun dengan menambahkan quantifier (kata yang menyatakan kuantitas atau ukuran), contoh: - I want a water . (salah) - I want a glass of water . (benar) - My mother always drink a tea in the morning. (salah) - My mother always drink a cup of tea in the morning. (benar) Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh uncountable noun yang sudah ditambahkan quantifier: a sheet of paper, a bottle of milk, a cup of tea, a glass of water, a plate...

Abstract Nouns Kata benda ini tidak berwujud, tidak dapat dilihat, dan tidak dapat diraba. Melainkan hanya dapat dibayangkan. Berikut ini beberapa contohnya: Love, help, kindness, opportunity, beauty, honesty, patience, ambition, life, knowledge, friendship, delivery, robbery, association, collection, etc. e.g: •    Our children need our love . •    You will get much knowledge from books. •     Honesty is very important for a good relationship . •    The delivery will be effected soon. •    We thank you for your kindness .

Collective Nouns Berikut adalah beberapa contoh kata yang termasuk pada jenis collective nouns: Audience (hadirin), Crowd (keramaian orang), Class (murid-murid di kelas), Team (tim), Parliament (parlemen), etc. Note: Bisa dianggap jamak atau tunggal (sebagai satu kesatuan). Perhatikan perubahan pada kata kerja setelah subject. a.  The audience give applaus to the singer. The audience gives applaus to the singer. b.  My class are studying Math right now. My class is the best sport team in my school.

Proper Noun (Specific people, places, things, or ideas) Berikut ini beberapa contoh kata yang termasuk pada proper noun. John, Lisa, Hendri (nama orang). Indonesia, Singapore, Australia (nama negara). Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, Bangkok, New York (nama kota). Padjadjaran University, Pasundan University, SMU 1 (nama Perguruan Tinggi/ sekolah), PT. SENTOSA JAYAKU, CV. MAJU TERUS (nama perusahaan) dan lain-lain (nama tempat, nama sesuatu, etc.) Note:  Proper Noun tidak menggunakan artikel a, an, & the. a.  The Lisa is my sister. (salah) Lisa is my sister. (benar) b.  I am studying at the Padjadjaran University . (salah) I am studying at Padjadjaran University . (benar) b.  My uncle lives in the Bandung . (salah) My uncle lives in Bandung . (benar)

Countable Nouns ( kata benda yang dapat dihitung) Adalah kata benda yang dapat dihitung dengan angka jumlahnya, seperti: book, bag, car, shoe, dog, girl, teacher, students, house, umbrella, apple, chair, door, window, etc. 1. Bisa berubah bentuk dari singular (bentuk tunggal) ke Plural (bentuk jamak), contoh: Singular          Plural a book            many books a chair            five chairs a girl               four girls an apple         three apples a shoe             shoes an umbrella    two umbrellas 2. Jika dalam bentuk singular, kata kerja (Verb) yang digunakan harus ditambah “s atau es” dibelakangnya dan untuk to be harus menggunakan “is” atau “was”, contoh: - A girl comes here every morning Seorang gadis datang kemari setiap pagi. - The house belongs to my father. Rumah itu milik ayah saya. - My umbrella is yellow. Payung saya berwarna kuning. 3. Jika dalam bentuk plural, kata kerja (Verb) yang digunakan jangan ditambah “s atau es” dibelakangnya dan untuk to be haru...

Demonstrative Adjectives (kata sifat penunjuk) Adalah kata sifat yang berfungsi menunjukkan barang, binatang, atau orang yang dimaksud. 1.   Definite Demonstrative Adjective (sesuatu yang dimaksud sudah jelas). e.g.: the, this, these, that, those, such, etc. •    They like the car which is displayed in the corner. •    I bought this book in that book store. •     These children will go to the zoo. •    Joni doesn’t like such girl. •     Those houses will be sold within this month. 2.    Indefinite Demonstrative Adjective (sesuatu yang dimaksud belum jelas) . e.g.: a, an, another, other, any other. •    Adri needs a nice place to bring his family on vacation. •    I want to buy an interesting novel in this book store. •     Another book will be read after this one.

Quantitative Adjectives (kata sifat kuantitatif) Much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, few, a few, little, a little, several, some, any, no, all, enough, etc. e.g.: •    She doesn’t drink much coffee. (UN) •    Do you have many cats? (CN) •    They have a lot of plants. (CN) •    Erwin drinks a lot of coffee a day. (UN) •    John has lots of books. (CN) •    He wish us stay there a few days. (CN) •    I have a little money if you need it. (UN) •    She will be in Jakarta for several days. (CN) •    I have some pencils. (CN) •    Budi cannot sell any cars again because he has sold them out. •    Do you have any money? •    I have no time to go on vacation this month. Note: some dan any dapat dirangkaikan dengan kata one, body, thing, dan where •    Mary has to meet someone in the coffee shop this afternoon. •    I need somebody who can lift this heavy stone. •    Ali needs something to broke the locked door.

CONJUNCTION (Kata Penghubung) Adalah kata yang memiliki fungsi menghubungkan kata dengan kata, bagian kalimat dengan bagian kalimat, atau kalimat dengan kalimat. Ada 2 jenis Conjunction: 1.    Coordinate Conjunction (kata sambung koordinat) Adalah conjuction yang menghubungkan hal-hal yang sederajat, seperti Noun dengan Noun, Adjective dengan Adjective, Verb dengan Verb, Phrase dengan Phrase, Clause dengan Clause, Sentence dengan Sentence, dan sebagainya.  Conjuction tersebut diantaranya: And, but, or, nor, both…and…, not only…but also…, either...or..., neither...nor...etc. a.     Noun dengan Noun I will give her a car and a house for our 3rd wedding anniversary. b.    Adjective dengan Adjective She is nice but lazy. c.     Verb dengan Verb I will rent or buy a house this year. d.    Phrase dengan Phrase They will not go to Bali nor to Yogya. e.        Clause dengan Clause They run but I walk. f.        Sentence dengan Sentence We went to the coffee shop last night but we didn’t ...

PREPOSITION (Kata Depan) Adalah kata yang di tempatkan sebelum Noun atau Pronoun untuk menunjukkan hubungan keduanya dengan bagian-bagian kalimat yang lain. Beberapa di antaranya: by, to, at, on, in, into, of, for, from, after, before, behind, below, but, about, since, through, until, upon, with, etc.   e.g.: •    Andrew goes to his office by bus? •    My son will go to the zoo this sunday. •    I will have my dinner at home. •    They have bought a car for their daughter. •    The company will put the order within two weeks. •    I will go to the movie with my wife. Perbedaan in, on, & at dalam menerangkan sebuah alamat. a.    He lives in Bandung. (nama kota atau negara) b.    He lives on Jl. Soekarno-Hatta. (nama jalan, tanpa nomor rumah) c.    He lives at Jl. Soekarno-Hatta No. 128. (nama jalan dan ada nomor rumah)

ADVERB (Kata Keterangan) Adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat, dan kata tambahan yang lain. Di bawah ini adalah gambaran apa saja yang termasuk adverb dan silakan pelajari lagi di setiap materinya. Adverb terdiri dari tiga golongan, yaitu: 1.    Simple Adverbs (Adverb of quality/ manner, Adverb of time, Adverb of place). Slowly, fluently, today, last night, last week, always, sometimes, there, in Bandung, at home, on, in, near, etc. 2.    Relative Adverbs (kata keterangan penghubung) When, while, why, where, how, what, whence (dari mana) 3.    Interrogative Adverbs (kata keterangan penanya) When, where, why, how

Interrogative Adverbs (kata keterangan penanya) Untuk jenis adverb ini, perhatikan dimana posisi adverb tersebut diletakkan. When, where, why, how e.g: •     Where do you live? •     When will they go to the hospital? •     Why didn’t you send the letter? •     How can I get there?

Relative Adverbs (kata keterangan penghubung) When, while, why, where, how, what, whence (dari mana). e.g.: •    They were having dinner when I visited them. •    I am studying English while listening to the radio. •    Do you know what they have done to my car?

Simple Adverbs 1. Adverb of Quality/ Manner : Slowly, quickly, fluently, gently, etc. 2. Adverb of Time : Definite time (waktu tertentu) : now, today, tonight, next week, last night, last year, at 10 o’clock, tomorrow, yesterday, every morning, everyday, in the morning, in January, in the year 2010, on Monday, etc. Indefinite time (waktu tak tentu): always, ever, often, sometimes, usually, etc. 3. Adverb of Place : here, there, in Bandung, in Singapore, at home, on the table, above, below, in, out, far, near, etc. e.g.: •    My son is walking slowly to catch the bird at the park. •    Come here quickly ! •     Yesterday , she came home to see me. •    My father reads a newspaper every morning . •    They got married in the year 2010 . •    She always read a book at night . •    My cousins sometimes visit us for a dinner. •    Her parents live in Bandung . •    They will meet us at home .

Numeral Adjectives (kata sifat bilangan) 1. Cardinal Number (bilangan cacah mulai dari nol (0) s/d tak terhingga): 0 (zero), 1 (one) , 2 (two), 3 (three), 4 (four), 5 (five), 6 (six),…., 20 (twenty), etc. 21 2. Ordinal Number (bilangan bertingkat) st (first), 2nd (Second), 3rd (third), 4th (fourth), 5th (fifth), 6th (sixth), 20th(twentieth), etc. e.g.: •    John will buy 4 books in a book store. •    There are almost 1,000 people who are suffered from disaster. •    Mrs. Jenny lives in the 5th floor of Bunga Apartment.

Descriptive Adjectives (kata sifat deskriptif) Adalah kata sifat yang melukiskan sifat dan keadaan seseorang, binatang, tumbuhan atau benda. Diantaranya: Clever, lazy, beautiful, ugly, nice, bad, small, long, happy, sad, white, black, fat, poor, high, low, wild, etc. e.g.: •    My brother is a clever student. •    They have a very beautiful daughter. •    I really like a black shirt. •    Mr. Budi is the rich man in town.

VERBS (Kata Kerja) 1.    Main Verbs (kata kerja utama/ dasar): to study, learn, read, write, watch, listen, hear, know, send, receive, go, walk, run, eat, drink, wash, work, play, drive, swim, etc. e.g: •    They study English once a week. •    I will write a letter for my girl friend. •    My mother drinks coffee every morning. •    She cannot swim in the river. 2.    Transitive Verbs Adalah kata kerja yang membutuhkan obyek. Kata kerja ini tidak memiliki arti lengkap tanpa adanya obyek yang menyertainya. e.g. (contoh) -    I buy a book . (a book = obyek) -    We need friends . -    She wants a glass of milk . 3.    Intransitive Verbs Adalah kata kerja yang tidak mempunyai obyek karena kata kerja ini sudah memiliki arti lengkap meskipun tanpa adanya obyek yang menyertainya. e.g. -    I go to school by bus. (to school by bus = kata keterangan/ pelengkap) -    She runs quickly. -    Your hand is bleeding .

PRONOUN (Kata Ganti) 1.     Personal Pronouns Subject        Object       Possesive     Possesive    Reflexive                                        Adjective      Pronoun I                       me             my              mine             myself you (s.)            you            your            yours           yourself he                    him            his              his                himself she                  her             her             hers             herself it                       it               its                itself we                    us              our              ours            ourselves you (pl.)           you            your            yours           yourselves they                 them          their            theirs           themselves •    I brought my friends to join the football game. •     They will invite us to celebrate their wedding anniversary. •    She will come to my home by herself . 2.    Interrogative Pronouns:  who, ...

Modals Auxiliary Verbs Present      Past Can           Could May           Might Must          had to Shall         should Will            would Berikut ini beberapa contoh penggunaan Modals auxiliary verbs dalam kalimat. Perubahan bentuk dan posisi auxiliary verbs ini dalam tiga bentuk kalimat (positif, negatif, dan interogatif) sama seperti "auxiliary verbs to do". Tidak ada perubahan pada verb1. a. (+) He can speak English well. (-)  He cannot speak English well.    ==> cannot = can’t (?)  Can he speak English well? b. (+) We will go to a movie. (-)  We will not go to a movie.    ==> will not = won’t (?)  Will we go to a movie? c. (+) You must speak English. (-)  You must not speak English. (?)  Must you speak English? Harap diperhatikan beberapa contoh kalimat di bawah ini. Penggunaan yang benar dan perubahan bentuk dari Modals Auxiliary verbs. INCORRECT (Salah)                              CORRECT (Benar) 1. She can to see it.                        ...